Wound care essentials summative assignment The WritePass Journal

Wound consideration basics summative task Reference List Wound consideration basics summative task IntroductionSection 1. Search strategySection 2. Wound aetiologySection 3. Wound AssessmentSection 4. Wound ManagementSection 5.Reference ListRelated Presentation Area 1. Search system Depict the system you used to recover the correct assets to assist you with composing your task. You should incorporate the watchwords you utilized, the databases utilized and different wellsprings of your writing, for example, sites, the years looked and the sort of writing you were searching for. Estimated word check: 150-200 Your answer here: Watchwords utilized in the web index are: diabetic, foot, ulceration, hazard, imminent, etiology, predominance, cost, contamination, dressing, treatment, removal, wound, the board, strategy, rules, UK, Philippines, South Asia, Europe, which were sequentially combined, utilizing the Boolean Operation of adding and a bullet to every term. The primary databases utilized were CINAHL in addition to and PubMed. Another wellspring of proof that the scientist utilized is the official site of the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence wherein a clinical rule was utilized regarded vital for the said subject. The World Health Organization and the National Health Services sites were additionally utilized in gathering information for insights just as the Department of Health site in the Philippines. Companion audited articles have been looked through utilizing the said databases and have been wellsprings of data. Impediments in this pursuit have been recognized. These are as per the following: The quest has been constrained for a long time just to make the inquiry progressively reasonable and clinically cutting-edge while catching key data. The quest is just material for people matured 65 and up, paying little mind to sex.  This section has been picked in light of the fact that as indicated by the World Health Organization (2006) diabetic foot ulceration is widespread in this age gathering. The quest is constrained for peer inspected diaries as it were. The inquiry isn't restricted to the United Kingdom just; subsequently, insights from Asia were likewise accumulated. Area 2. Wound etiology Select a typical injury type (for example diabetic foot ulceration, pressure ulcer, leg ulcer, fungating wound, dehisced careful injury. Presently clarify and examine: What your picked wound sort is How this kind of wound creates (counting contributory components) How this sort of wound is perceived (normal attributes) Who it influences Pervasiveness in UK and home nation (whenever known) Inexact word check:  800-1000 Your answer here: The sort of wound that the creator picked is diabetic foot ulceration. This was picked on the grounds that this sort of wound is pervasive in the nursing home that the creator is at present working at and Diabetes itself is a genuine medical problem worldwide.â Consequently, diabetic foot ulceration is viewed as one of the most critical inconveniences of diabetes, speaking to an overall issue of clinical, social, and monetary issue incredibly influencing the patient’s personal satisfaction. (World Health Organization, 2004)â Earlier meanings of diabetic foot ulceration dated back to 1985 by the World Health Organization expressing that it is a contamination, ulceration, and additionally annihilation of profound tissue related with neurological variations from the norm and different degrees of fringe vascular infection in the lower limits. This has been contended by Brownlee (2005) that the term ‘diabetic’ foot means that there are explicit characteristics abou t the feet of the person with diabetes that separates this illness from different conditions that influence the lower furthest points. Anyway they included that anything which influences the foot in those with diabetes can likewise influence the foot in those without the malady. Subsequently the definition by De Heus-van Putten (1994) best kill those perspectives, expressing that diabetic foot ulcers is the various injuries of the skin, nails, bone, and connective tissue in the foot which happen more regularly in diabetic patients than non-diabetic patients, such conditions like ulcers, neuropathic breaks, contaminations, gangrene, and removal. This is bolstered by the contemporary investigation of Vileikyte (2001), introducing that the diabetic patients are measurably bound to create foot ulcer that normally prompts disablement and leg removal. The etiology of diabetic foot ulceration includes numerous parts. A multicentre concentrate by Rathur and Boulton (2007) credited 63% of di abetic foot ulcers to diabetic neuropathy and fringe vascular malady to be the principle causative elements of diabetic foot ulceration. Fringe neuropathy is a difficulty of diabetes that is the consequence of extra time harm of the nerve because of high glucose levels (Jerosch-Herold, 2005). This complexity thusly add to the reason for diabetic foot ulcer for the nerves that transfer messages of agony and sensation to the lower appendage are commonly influenced, prompting deadness or even total loss of sensation in the legs and feet. Losing sensation would likewise mean not knowing whether the feet are harmed or harm. This clarifies why diabetic patients are normally inclined to issues like minor cuts, wounds and rankles without them feeling it.   Furthermore, another hazard factor is the fringe vascular ailment wherein there is narrowing of the supply routes brought about by greasy stores that collect in the coating of the courses coming about to poor blood flow to the feet (M edina, Scott-Paul, Ghahary Tredget-Edward, 2005). Lacking blood flexibly to the injury implies decline mending and is probably going to be harmed. This clarifies why even a gentle physical issue like stepping in little item or a little scratch in unshod can in the long run become ulcer for a diabetic patient. In addition, as indicated by Veves, Giurini, and LoGerfo (2006), inclining factors that may demonstration in blend to the two fundamental hazard factors are the unrecognized injury, the biomechanical irregularities or deformation, the constrained joint portability, and the expanded vulnerability to disease. Segment factors likewise play an impact on diabetic foot ulceration, for example, age, sex, ethnicity and way of life (Medina, Scott-Paul, Ghahary Tredget-Edward, 2003).  According to the World Health Organization (2004) Diabetic foot ulcerations are basic on people who have Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes and who are in the age section of 65 years of age or more. This measurem ents isn't just significant here in the UK yet additionally around the world. Individuals who have diabetes for a more drawn out period or deal with their diabetes less viably are bound to create foot ulcers. Smoking, not takingâ exercise, beingâ overweight and havingâ high cholesterolâ or circulatory strain would all be able to expand diabetes foot ulcer chance (Diabetes UK, 2004). Past foot ulcers and diabetes intricacies can improve foot ulcer probability, as can sick fitting shoes or past foot issues, for example, bunions, and so forth. Diabetic foot ulceration generally situated in expanded weight focuses on the base of the feet. In any case, ulcers identified with injury can happen anyplace on the foot (Diabetes UK, 2004)â Anatomical circulation of diabetic foot ulceration includes half of ulcers are on the toes; 30-40% are on the plantar metatarsal head; 10-15% are on the dorsum (bottom) of the foot; 5-10% are on the lower leg; and up to 10% are numerous ulcers (Department of Health, 2002). As indicated by the National Diabetes Support Team (2006), the presence of a diabetic foot ulcer for the most part has a base with pink/red or earthy colored/dark, contingent upon the patient’s blood flows, and with a fringe of ‘punched-out’ like appearance while encompassed by hard skin. It has a bed with necrotic top or ulcer (hidden tissues are uncovered). Ulcersâ with an essentially neuropathic etiology will have a solid pulverizing bed while those with a noteworthy blood vessel part will have a necr otic bed (Reiber, 2001). The International Diabetes Federation (2005) accounts that there are 170 million instances of diabetics revealed around the world. By 2025, this figure is relied upon to ascend to 300 million. These diabetics persistent have a 12-25% danger of enduring a foot ulcer sooner or later in their life. As indicated by Reed (2004), older individuals with diabetics have double the danger of creating foot ulcer, multiple times the danger of creating foot sore and multiple times the danger of creating osteomyelitis. Also, diabetics were at more serious danger of either nearby removals or higher removals (Hall DeFrances, 2003). Since various districts of the world have populaces that at fluctuation in body constructs, footwear, propensities and ways of life, the distinctions in the predominance of diabetic foot ulceration is normal. Such contrasts are probably going to be found in Asia, Africa and America for creating nations will encounter the best ascent in the common ness of Type 2 diabetes in the following twenty years (Stanley Collier, 2009). Along these lines, individuals living in these nations will be required to have more serious dangers of ulceration in the later years. In any case, Abbott et al (2005) concentrated on Type 2 diabetics among vagrant populaces of South Asia and African-Carribean populaces, contrasted and information from Europeans living in the UK, and uncovered a three to multiple times higher occurrence of ulceration in the Europeans. The lower danger of South Asians was ascribed to the lower paces of foot deformation, fringe vascular infection and neuropathy. In the Philippines then again, the creator couldn't discover insights in regards to the commonness of diabetic foot ulcerations on people with either Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes. Clearly, the Department of Health Philippines site doesn't have significant measurements with respect to the above issue be that as it may, as indicated by the World Health Organization (2004), the pervasiveness of individuals having diabetes in Asia is quick rising and it might include to 75% of a

Physical Appearance free essay sample

Appearances itself covers an incalculable measures of things like physical qualities, act, developments, manner of speaking, the grin, cleanliness, and various different things. Each human on the planet has their own appearance. The explanation is that they should be a fruitful individual, to arrive at beneficial things throughout everyday life. Notwithstanding, the outside recognition that make about an individual now and again is certifiably not a legitimate feeling. The story â€Å"The Temp† by Amelia Kahaney, presents an Asian lady with a fortunate appearance, having everything that a lady may need, anyway appearances are not all ways valid. Another is the Film Edward Scissorhands by Tim Burton, who presents a more youthful kid that had a bizarre and odd angle, likewise the individuals murmured shocking and startling things to him, yet they didn't think about his large heart. In these two stories where two individuals with various appearances exhibited the significance of physical appearances in people’s every day life, since now during circumstances such as the present individuals plot assessments by what they see, not from what they think. We will compose a custom paper test on Physical Appearance or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Individual appearance can be an unequivocal thing in any prospective employee meeting. The picture that an individual gives at the time of the gathering is of essential significance. For any meeting individuals ought to be dressed proper and conscious, on the grounds that a great many people utilize more the feeling of sight than the ear. In â€Å"The Temp† Karen the chief character was the lovely Asian lady with an ideal advancement. Exactly when she went to the workplace her early introduction was astounding for mates who went to work with her. They respect the temp from the second they saw her. Indeed, even at the time when Karen said the primary words, they imagined that she was a magnificent lady. She talked and French-breathed in all the while and it made her look smart† (Kahaney 293). Additionally, when Karen smoked she was begrudged. She was a keen lady. She had the capacity to persuade individuals; all that she said anybody trust it. â€Å"She caused us to feel like preferred individuals over we really were† (Kahaney 296). At that point, following seven days Karen was prepared to leave the workplace. Her associates were pitiful that she needed to go. They accepted that she was great and exceptionally savvy to leave this activity. In any case, they saw that she was taking office supplies in her satchel. â€Å"Things are not generally as they appear; the principal appearance misdirects many† (Phaedrus). At last, they understood that she was something contrary to her appearance. From that point forward, they attempted to discover different approaches to show signs of improvement occupations, continually recollecting all the things that she said. In Edward Scissorhands the film by Tim Burton, he presents an abnormal and ghoulish youngster who lived in a spot exceptionally terrifying that was disconnected from the outside world. Edward, who had scissors rather than hands, was not a beast but rather neither an individual. In any case, the most significant thing was that he had consideration and a major heart. Edward was absolutely unadulterated, with an inconceivable guiltlessness. As an outcome to his blamelessness, terrible and shameless individuals exploited him; he was utilized like an item. They utilized Edward to go into to a bizarre house with the reason to take, in light of activities like that; guiltlessness is lost and acceptable individuals changed for the more regrettable â€Å"All things genuinely mischievous beginning from innocence† (Hemingway). In these two stories Karen and Edward were altogether different. Individuals ought to acknowledge exactly how significant and genuine appearances can be. Karen a lovely lady, begrudged for all colleagues yet she turned into a cheat of straightforward things. What's more, Edward a youngster that that with his looks caused dread and dread. In any case, he was altogether different than what his appearance appeared. Other than he had unadulterated and genuine sentiments of affection. Individuals should take as a primary concern that we are so essential to God and not consider others much. â€Å"Lord seethâ not as man seeth; for man looketh on the outward appearance, however the Lordâ looketh on the heart†. (Heavenly Bible 1. Samuel 16:7) Unfortunately we face a daily reality such that physical appearance has extraordinary significance. The general public is a factor that imprints style and excellence generalizations that doesn't compare to the real world. That causes various individuals to feel not quiet with those models that society forces. Therefore numerous youngsters attempt to change their appearance and settle on terrible decisions just to feel as an ideal individual. Individuals ought to consistently attempt to put their best self forward, anyway we ought to never change who we truly are only for our appearances. Plus, individuals should show who they really are and should act as indicated by their own qualities, without loving the entire world. Likewise, individuals ought not censure just by the manner in which somebody looks since they might be totally different in within. The world needs to acknowledge everybody for who they truly are inside and not only for what they wear.

2019 Best Brightest Ale Flores, University of Washington (Foster)

Maria Alejandra Flores Cardenas (Ale Flores) 2019 Best Brightest: Ale Flores, University of Washington (Foster) by: Jeff Schmitt on March 22, 2019 | 0 Comments Comments 178 Views March 22, 2019Maria Alejandra Flores Cardenas (Ale Flores) University of Washington, Foster School of Businessâ€Å"Mexican-American DREAMER, constantly evolving, never settling, with a purpose to elevate others.†Fun fact about yourself: Although I have travel limitations due to DACA, I immerse myself in other cultures by being a bookworm and maintaining relationships across the globe.Hometown: Bellevue, WAHigh School: Sammamish High SchoolMajor: Business Administration Finance and International BusinessFavorite Business Course: Competing in the Global EconomyExtracurricular Activities, Community Work and Leadership Roles During College:Extracurricular Activities Leadership Roles: The Association of Latino Professionals for America (ALPFA): VP of Recruitment and Senior Advisor, 2016-2019Dean’s Foster Diversity Committee: Undergrad uate Representative, 2018-2019Young Executives of Color (YEOC): Mentor, 2018-2019Leadership Without Borders Purple Group: Member, 2014-2018The Daily, UW Student Newspaper: Advertising Representative, 2015East African Community Services: Tutor, 2014-2015UW Women in Business (UWiB): Member, 2014-2016Awards and Honors:Zulily Foreign Market Strategy Case Competition First Place Honors, 2018ALPFA National Convention Scholarship Recipient, August 2016, 2017 and 2018ALPFA Seattle Scholarship, sponsored by Microsoft, 2018Dreamers en Movimiento Conference Scholar, 2017Where have you interned during your college career?VinoRai: Intern Lead; Seattle, WAMariners MLB Marketing Intern Operations Manager Assistant; Seattle, WARussell Investments Alternative Investments Research Analyst Intern; Seattle, WAStarbucks Corporate Financial Planning Analysis Intern; Seattle, WAWhere will you be working after graduation? Accenture Consulting AnalystWhat did you enjoy most about your business schoo l? Building relationships and making life-long friendships. Foster introduced me to inspiring individuals who have been influential in my accomplishments. Throughout my time in CISB (Certificate of International Studies in Business), I had the opportunity to meet students from all over the world, and it is exciting to see what they accomplishing in their respected countries. These connections have exposed me to different cultures and how the world operates differently across nations.What is the biggest lesson you gained from studying business? Your voice matters and you can begin to make a difference today. Business has a tremendous impact among people throughout the world and it can be the driver of social change. From helping to establish the Latinx presence at Foster to assisting in foreign market expansions at Russell Investments and VinoRai, I provided input on critical decisions that will have an everlasting impact on other countries. Taking a human-centric approach has brough t new ideas to the table various times.What advice would you give to a student looking to major in a business-related field? Do not compare yourself to others and put yourself in situations that will help you be comfortable with making uncomfortable decisions. Case driven courses are a way to put yourself in these situations. However, it is up to you to fuel that discussion and challenge other people’s perspectives. Listening is key.What has surprised you most about majoring in business? It is the importance of real-world experience throughout college. Your business education will provide you with fundamentals, making real-world experience vital in order to master new skills and gain exposure to problems that may evolve as the business world evolves.â€Å"If I didn’t major in business, I would be majoring in or studying†¦International Politics to continue learning how the world intersects from a policy, and economic perspective.Who most influenced your decision t o pursue business in college? As an immigrant child, I encountered the difficulties the language barrier posed to both myself and my siblings. My older sister, in particular, had a challenging time acclimating to English as the sole architect of our family’s budget. At 12 years old, I began working with bankers and people who were willing to mentor me through the importance of financial literacy. This experience inspired me to pursue a degree in finance and international business at the University of Washington.Which academic, extracurricular or personal achievement are you most proud of? Building the Latinx Presence at Foster. With the help of five other students, we institutionalized the UW ALPFA Chapter. Previously, students connected with the ALPFA Seattle Regional Chapter to attend a limited number of professional development events. As the VP of Recruitment, I built the contact list from 6 students to 150 within six months. Ever since my focus as a senior advisor has be en to implement a growth and retention strategy. This community provides the resources and representation needed for the Latinx community to succeed at Foster.Which classmate do you most admire? Keenan Goodman is someone whom I respect immensely.He leads with empathy and puts people first, regardless of the circumstances. Not only has he proven his ability to have a growth mindset, but he also takes the time to influence others on how to gain that skill.He executes allyship. He takes the time to learn about issues that do not pertain to him and speaks up when it is necessary.Keenan has motivated me to be a listener and to continue to fulfill my purpose regardless of the circumstances. I have no doubt that Keenan will continue to make an impact in this world.Who would you most want to thank for your success? Andrew Marzano Andy is the backbone to the Undergraduate Diversity Services (UDS) program at Foster. Students at Foster would describe Andy as someone who is loyal, humble, cons iderate, genuine, selfless and most importantly, influential. Andy has motivated me to get out of my comfort zone countless times, making me the leader that I am today. Andy supported me in my vision to create the Latinx presence at Foster by becoming the ALPFA Advisor. His passion for academia has led him to become the Associate Director of UDS and anchor of establishing the Dean’s Diversity Committee. The Dean’s Diversity Committee implements diversity and inclusion initiatives in collaboration with dean-level leadership, faculty, staff, and corporate partners. Andy has taken initiative in ensuring the student voice is heard and for the first time ever, there is an undergraduate and graduate student representative. He has shown me the value of persistence and the value of using my voice.What are the top two items on your bucket list? TravelLearn how to surfWhat are your hobbies?Health FitnessLatin Dancing: Salsa and BachataWhat made Ale such an invaluable addition t o the Class of 2019?â€Å"There are certain students who stand out in your career and whom you will remember fondly and with pride for years to come, ironic given that by virtue of their advanced talents and drive, your own hand in their success is likely far smaller than it might be for other students. Ale is such a student for me and, from the fact that her name frequently comes up in conversations with other faculty and staff, I believe for many of us here at Foster. I have known Ale since she was a student in my core Organizational Behavior and Leadership seminar in the spring of 2017. I have been delighted to be able to continue to witness her progress through her active involvement with so many organizations at the UW and Foster. Indeed, every time I attend an event, such as the recent Foster Diversity Forum, I am sure to bump into Ale, cheering on her fellow students or being recognized for another tremendous milestone. As you may be able to tell from this letter, I am very excited to share with you the growth I have seen in Ale and why I can think of no one more deserving to represent us to the community. Let me offer a few more details.Throughout her time in my classroom, Ale consistently impressed me with her astute insights. In class, she contributed valuable input to the difficult discussion, demonstrating through her contribution a deep rather than superficial understanding of the material and an eagerness to apply class learning to real-world cases. More importantly, Ale consistently stood out as a kind and compassionate young woman eager to help her classmates shine. The primary means of evaluating students in this class was a team consulting projects in which students are required to seek out an organization, identify a managerial problem in said organization, analyze it through systematic research, and draft a consulting report with recommendations and an implementation plan to resolve the problem. I am the one who forms these teams by matchi ng together who are as heterogeneous as possible to offer them the additional challenge/opportunity to learn to work in diverse teams. Ale was integral to this performance and her team members identified her as a leader, rating her as above average on her efforts for the team. In particular, what stood out for me was her ability to lead from behind, that is to help her team perform and her teammates shine without ever dominating the group.Though above average intelligence and conscientiousness are skills many of our students possess the unique trait that sets Ale apart and will, in my opinion, lead her to great success in life, is her grit. As you may or may not know, Ale is Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) recipient and has had to bear stress and uncertainty in her life that very few of our students will ever fathom. Ale does not hide this fact, nor does she use is an excuse and I have never once heard her complain; instead, she openly shares her story to connect with others and highlight how diversity is our strength. This seems representative of Ale’s larger approach to life, consistently facing every challenge with resourcefulness and perseverance. To offer some concrete example: while enrolled in my class she experienced a job interview in which everything that could have gone wrong did. That very day, she approached me to work out a game plan for how to contact the organization, ideally to still win this job but, at a minimum, to leave a positive lasting impression. Not surprisingly, since that disastrous interview, Ale has leveraged her energy into a variety of high-profile internships with some of Seattle’s largest employers while continuing to excel in her studies. Moreover, when Ale, despite her best proactive efforts, was unable to procure permanent employment because of her DACA status, she made the best of remaining at Foster and turned her energies to promoting others.On that final note, let me be blunt that I think Ale would have every right to focus every ounce of energy on her own success and self-care. As an immigrant myself who continues to face uncertainty about my family’s status in this country but with the stark difference that I came here of my own volition and have all the resources at my disposal, I cannot imagine how difficult these past years have been for Ale and would not blame her one bit. This makes it so impressive to see her instead give so much time to lift up others. This is not the first letter of support I have written for Ale− the last one was to help her become a mentor for the Young Executives of Color, a vital program at the UW that helps minority high schools students succeed in higher education. In addition, she is also a senior advisor for the Association of Latino Professionals of America, an organization about which I have heard her speak passionately in my classroom, and a sought after public speaker. Finally, she was also the student representative o n the Foster Dean’s Diversity Committee during the time when the committee reviewed and implemented a complex diversity and inclusion initiative that has now been embraced throughout the school. Associate Professor Elizabeth Umphress, who served on this committee with Ale, told me â€Å"Ale is a skilled leader. Her enthusiasm about equity and inclusion is contagious! She energizes fellow students, staff and faculty alike. She is able to build coalitions and recognizes the importance of acknowledging others even when we disagree†.To sum, Ale represents the very best of this school and the very best of this country. She is brilliant, kind, and one of the leading voices for the power of diversity among our student body. She is both a ‘Dreamer’ and a Pragmatist who will accomplish whatever goals she sets. I am convinced we will all know her name in the future and will be proud to call her among our alumni. There is no more fitting way for her to start represen ting us than as a Husky 100.†Dr. Kira Schabram Assistant Professor Department of Management and Organizations Page 1 of 11

Anatomy And Physiology Of Ckd - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2763 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/09/25 Category Advertising Essay Type Narrative essay Topics: Anatomy Essay Did you like this example? ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Chronic Kidney Disease Cardiovascular System The cardiovascular system is sometimes called the circulatory system. It consists of the heart, which is a muscular pumping device, and a closed system of vessels called arteries, veins, and capillaries. As the name implies, blood contained in the circulatory system is pumped by the heart around a closed circuit of vessels as it passes again and again through the various circulations of the body. The Heart * The heart is enclosed by a sac known as the pericardium. There are three layers of tissues that form the heart wall. The outer layer of the heart wall is the epicardium, the middle layer is the myocardium, and the inner layer is the endocardium. The internal cavity of the heart is divided into four chambers: * Right atrium * Right ventricle * Left atrium * Left ventricle * The two atria are thin-walled chambers that receive blood from the veins. The two ventricles are thick-walled chambers that forcefu lly pump blood out of the heart. Differences in thickness of the heart chamber walls are due to variations in the amount of myocardium present, which reflects the amount of force each chamber is required to generate. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from systemic veins; the left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins. Valves of the Heart Pumps need a set of valves to keep the fluid flowing in one direction and the heart is no exception. The heart has two types of valves that keep the blood flowing in the correct direction. The valves between the atria and ventricles are called atrioventricular valves (also called cuspid valves), while those at the bases of the large vessels leaving the ventricles are called semilunar valves. The right atrioventricular valve is the tricuspid valve. The left atrioventricular valve is the bicuspid, or mitral, valve. The valve between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk is the pulmonary semilunar valve. The valve between the left ventricle and the aorta is the aortic semilunar valve. When the ventricles contract, atrioventricular valves close to prevent blood from flowing back into the atria. When the ventricles relax, semilunar valves close to prevent blood from flowing back into the ventricles. Pathway of Blood through the Heart While it is convenient to describe the flow of blood through the right side of the heart and then through the left side, it is important to realize that both atria contract at the same time and both ventricles contract at the same time. The heart works as two pumps, one on the right and one on the left, working simultaneously. Blood flows from the right atrium to the right ventricle, and then is pumped to the lungs to receive oxygen. From the lungs, the blood flows to the left atrium, then to the left ventricle. From there it is pumped to the systemic circulation. Blood Supply to the Myocardium The myocardium of the heart wall is a working muscle that needs a continuous supply of oxygen and nutrients to function with efficiency. For this reason, cardiac muscle has an extensive network of blood vessels to bring oxygen to the contracting cells and to remove waste products. The right and left coronary arteries, branches of the ascending aorta, supply blood to the walls of the myocardium. After blood passes through the capillaries in the myocardium, it enters a system of cardiac (coronary) veins. Most of the cardiac veins drain into the coronary sinus, which opens into the right atrium. Blood Vessels Blood vessels are the channels or conduits through which blood is distributed to body tissues. The vessels make up two closed systems of tubes that begin and end at the heart. One system, the pulmonary vessels, transports blood from the right ventricle to the lungs and back to the left atrium. The other system, the systemic vessels, carries blood from the left ventricle to the tissues in all parts of the body and then returns the blood to t he right atrium. Based on their structure and function, blood vessels are classified as either arteries, capillaries, or veins. Arteries Arteries carry blood away from the heart. Pulmonary arteries transport blood that has a low oxygen content from the right ventricle to the lungs. Systemic arteries transport oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body tissues. Blood is pumped from the ventricles into large elastic arteries that branch repeatedly into smaller and smaller arteries until the branching results in microscopic arteries called arterioles. The arterioles play a key role in regulating blood flow into the tissue capillaries. About 10 percent of the total blood volume is in the systemic arterial system at any given time. The wall of an artery consists of three layers. The innermost layer, the tunica intima (or just intima), contains simple squamous epithelium, basement membrane and connective tissues. The epithelium is in direct contact with the blood flow. The middle layer, the tunica media, is primarily smooth muscle and is usually the thickest layer. It not only provides support for the vessel but also changes vessel diameter to regulate blood flow and blood pressure. The outermost layer, which attaches the vessel to the surrounding tissue, is the tunica externa or tunica adventitia. This layer is connective tissue with varying amounts of elastic and collagenous fibers. The connective tissue in this layer is quite dense where it is adjacent to the tunic media, but it changes to loose connective tissue near the periphery of the vesse Veins Veins carry blood toward the heart. After blood passes through the capillaries, it enters the smallest veins, called venules. From the venules, it flows into progressively larger and larger veins until it reaches the heart. In the pulmonary circuit, the pulmonary veins transport blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart. This blood has a high oxygen content because it has just been oxyge nated in the lungs. Systemic veins transport blood from the body tissue to the right atrium of the heart. This blood has a reduced oxygen content because the oxygen has been used for metabolic activities in the tissue cells. The walls of veins have the same three layers as the arteries. Although all the layers are present, there is less smooth muscle and connective tissue. This makes the walls of veins thinner than those of arteries, which is related to the fact that blood in the veins has less pressure than in the arteries. Because the walls of the veins are thinner and less rigid than arteries, veins can hold more blood. Almost 70 percent of the total blood volume is in the veins at any given time. Medium and large veins have venous valves, similar to the semilunar valves associated with the heart, that help keep the blood flowing toward the heart. Venous valves are especially important in the arms and legs, where they prevent the backflow of blood in response to the pull of gravity. Capillaries Capillaries, the smallest and most numerous of the blood vessels, form the connection between the vessels that carry blood away from the heart (arteries) and the vessels that return blood to the heart (veins). The primary function of capillaries is the exchange of materials between the blood and tissue cells. Capillary distribution varies with the metabolic activity of body tissues. Tissues such as skeletal muscle, liver, and kidney have extensive capillary networks because they are metabolically active and require an abundant supply of oxygen and nutrients. Other tissues, such as connective tissue, have a less abundant supply of capillaries. The epidermis of the skin and the lens and cornea of the eye completely lack a capillary network. About 5 percent of the total blood volume is in the systemic capillaries at any given time. Another 10 percent is in the lungs. Smooth muscle cells in the arterioles where they branch to form capillaries regulate blood f low from the arterioles into the capillaries. Role of the Capillaries In addition to forming the connection between the arteries and veins, capillaries have a vital role in the exchange of gases, nutrients, and metabolic waste products between the blood and the tissue cells. Substances pass through the capillaries wall by diffusion, filtration, and osmosis. Oxygen and carbon dioxide move across the capillary wall by diffusion. Fluid movement across a capillary wall is determined by a combination of hydrostatic and osmotic pressure. The net result of the capillary microcirculation created by hydrostatic and osmotic pressure is that substances leave the blood at one end of the capillary and return at the other end. Urinary System The principal function of the urinary system is to maintain the volume and composition of body fluids within normal limits. One aspect of this function is to rid the body of waste products that accumulate as a result of cellular metabolism. Other aspect s of its function include regulating the concentrations of various electrolytes in the body fluids and maintaining normal pH of the blood. In addition to maintaining fluid homeostasis in the body, the urinary system controls red blood cell production by secreting the hormone erythropoietin. The urinary system also plays a role in maintaining normal blood pressure by secreting the enzyme renin. The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys form the urine and account for the other functions attributed to the urinary system. The ureters carry the urine away from kidneys to the urinary bladder, which is a temporary reservoir for the urine. The urethra is a tubular structure that carries the urine from the urinary bladder to the outside. Kidneys The kidneys are the primary organs of the urinary system. The kidneys are the organs that filter the blood, remove the wastes, and excrete the wastes in the urine. They are the organs that perfo rm the functions of the urinary system. The other components are accessory structures to eliminate the urine from the body. The paired kidneys are located between the twelfth thoracic and third lumbar vertebrae, one on each side of the vertebral column. The right kidney usually is slightly lower than the left because the liver displaces it downward. The kidneys protected by the lower ribs, lie in shallow depressions against the posterior abdominal wall and behind the parietal peritoneum. This means they are retroperitoneal. Each kidney is held in place by connective tissue, called renal fascia, and is surrounded by a thick layer of adipose tissue, called perirenal fat, which helps to protect it. A tough, fibrous, connective tissue renal capsule closely envelopes each kidney and provides support for the soft tissue that is inside. In the adult, each kidney is approximately 3 cm thick, 6 cm wide, and 12 cm long. It is roughly bean-shaped with an indentation, called the hilum, on the medial side. The hilum leads to a large cavity, called the renal sinus, within the kidney. The ureter and renal vein leave the kidney, and the renal artery enters the kidney at the hilum. The outer, reddish region, next to the capsule, is the renal cortex. This surrounds a darker reddish-brown region called the renal medulla. The renal medulla consists of a series of renal pyramids, which appear striated because they contain straight tubular structures and blood vessels. The wide bases of the pyramids are adjacent to the cortex and the pointed ends, called renal papillae, are directed toward the center of the kidney. Portions of the renal cortex extend into the spaces between adjacent pyramids to form renal columns. The cortex and medulla make up the parenchyma, or functional tissue, of the kidney. The central region of the kidney contains the renal pelvis, which is located in the renal sinus and is continuous with the ureter. The renal pelvis is a large cavity that colle cts the urine as it is produced. The periphery of the renal pelvis is interrupted by cuplike projections called calyces. A minor calyx surrounds the renal papillae of each pyramid and collects urine from that pyramid. Several minor calyces converge to form a major calyx. From the major calyces the urine flows into the renal pelvis and from there into the ureter. Each kidney contains over a million functional units, called nephrons, in the parenchyma (cortex and medulla). A nephron has two parts: a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule. The renal corpuscle consists of a cluster of capillaries, called the glomerulus, surrounded by a double-layered epithelial cup, called the glomerular capsule. An afferent arteriole leads into the renal corpuscle and an efferent arteriole leaves the renal corpuscle. Urine passes from the nephrons into collecting ducts then into the minor calyces. The juxtaglomerular apparatus, which monitors blood pressure and secretes renin, is formed from modified ce lls in the afferent arteriole and the ascending limb of the nephron loop. Ureter Each ureter is a small tube, about 25 cm long, that carries urine from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder. It descends from the renal pelvis, along the posterior abdominal wall, behind the parietal peritoneum, and enters the urinary bladder on the posterior inferior surface. The wall of the ureter consists of three layers. The outer layer, the fibrous coat, is a supporting layer of fibrous connective tissue. The middle layer, the muscular coat, consists of inner circular and outer longitudinal smooth muscle. The main function of this layer is peristalsis to propel the urine. The inner layer, the mucosa, is transitional epithelium that is continuous with the lining of the renal pelvis and the urinary bladder. This layer secretes mucus which coats and protects the surface of the cells. Urinary Bladder The urinary bladder is a temporary storage reservoir for urine. It is located in the pelvic ca vity, posterior to the symphysis pubis, and below the parietal peritoneum. The size and shape of the urinary bladder varies with the amount of urine it contains and with pressure it receives from surrounding organs. The inner lining of the urinary bladder is a mucous membrane of transitional epithelium that is continuous with that in the ureters. When the bladder is empty, the mucosa has numerous folds called rugae. The rugae and transitional epithelium allow the bladder to expand as it fills. The second layer in the walls is the submucosa that supports the mucous membrane. It is composed of connective tissue with elastic fibers. The next layer is the muscularis, which is composed of smooth muscle. The smooth muscle fibers are interwoven in all directions and collectively these are called the detrusor muscle. Contraction of this muscle expels urine from the bladder. On the superior surface, the outer layer of the bladder wall is parietal peritoneum. In all other regions, the o uter layer is fibrous connective tissue. There is a triangular area, called the trigone, formed by three openings in the floor of the urinary bladder. Two of the openings are from the ureters and form the base of the trigone. Small flaps of mucosa cover these openings and act as valves that allow urine to enter the bladder but prevent it from backing up from the bladder into the ureters. The third opening, at the apex of the trigone, is the opening into the urethra. A band of the detrusor muscle encircles this opening to form the internal urethral sphincter. Urethra The final passageway for the flow of urine is the urethra, a thin-walled tube that conveys urine from the floor of the urinary bladder to the outside. The opening to the outside is the external urethral orifice. The mucosal lining of the urethra is transitional epithelium. The wall also contains smooth muscle fibers and is supported by connective tissue. The internal urethral sphincter surrounds the beginning of th e urethra, where it leaves the urinary bladder. This sphincter is smooth (involuntary) muscle. Another sphincter, the external urethral sphincter, is skeletal (voluntary) muscle and encircles the urethra where it goes through the pelvic floor. These two sphincters control the flow of urine through the urethra. In females, the urethra is short, only 3 to 4 cm (about 1. 5 inches) long. The external urethral orifice opens to the outside just anterior to the opening for the vagina. In males, the urethra is much longer, about 20 cm (7 to 8 inches) in length, and transports both urine and semen. The first part, next to the urinary bladder, passes through the prostate gland and is called the prostatic urethra. The second part, a short region that penetrates the pelvic floor and enters the penis, is called the membranous urethra. The third part, the spongy urethra, is the longest region. This portion of the urethra extends the entire length of the penis, and the external urethral orifice opens to the outside at the tip of the penis. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Anatomy And Physiology Of Ckd" essay for you Create order

The United States 2003 Invasion Of Iraq - 1374 Words

THE THEORYOF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS THAT BEST EXPLAINS THE UNITED STATES’ 2003 INVASION OF IRAQ Name: University: Instructor: Date: Introduction The war in Iraq is noted to have been initiated by the American’s efforts to fight terrorism. At the time, the British and the Americans had affirmed that Saddam Hussein, the then Iraq’s leader was associated with terrorism that had internationalized. Moreover, they had established that Saddam Hussein had the ability to use massive destruction weapons. President Bush and Tony Blair, the British Prime Minister, are also found the need to deliver Iraq people from the bad leadership of Saddam Hussein and support them to build a democratic form of government. However, according to the critics, America’s reason to invade Iraq was found to match realism and imperialism theories especially because; Iraq was rich in oil resources. That the reasons raised by the Americans and the Britons to cause war in Iraq had not been accepted by the United Nations Council and no evidence had been found to associate Saddam Hussein with any forms of international threats. From another p erspective, the critics’ point of view is supported by the experiences the Iraq people have gone through after the death of Saddam Hussein. That is, they have under gone through serious political and economical sufferings causing many of them to flee their country[1]. Realism is defined to refer to power seekingShow MoreRelatedIraq Invasion of Kuwait vs US Iraq War Essay1162 Words   |  5 Pages Iraq Invasion of Kuwait vs U.S Iraq War Iraq and Kuwait have a long history; Kuwait played a huge part in the Iran-Iraq war, mostly financially. Open warfare began on September 22, 1980; Iraq claimed Iran shelled a number of border posts on September 4, 1980. 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Impact of the Financial Crisis on Financial Institutions and Businesse

Questions: 1. Subprime mortgage crisis is an example of a financial crisis that affected global markets worldwide. Give another example of a financial crisis in your discussions below.à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã‚  Discuss the possible causes of the financial crisis. à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã‚  Discuss the impact of the financial crisis on financial institutions and businesses elsewhere including your own country.à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã‚  Explain how the financial crisis affected the economies of different countries. 2. NAB Ltd current share price is $30 and it has just paid a $1.50 dividend. Dividends of NAB are expected to grow at the rate of 5% per year. A. What is an estimated return that shareholders of NAB expect to earn?B. NAB Ltd also has preference share outstanding that pays fixed dividend of $2.30 per share. If preference stock is currently priced at $25, what is the return that preference share holders expect to earn?C. Five years ago NAB Ltd issued 15 year bond with face value of $1000 and coupon rate of 9%. The pr ice of these bonds is currently is $950. What is NABs pre-tax and after-tax cost of debt?D. NAB Ltd has 5000,000 ordinary shares outstanding and 1,500,000 preference shares outstanding, and its equity has a total book value of $50,000,000. Its liability has a book value of $25,000,000. If NABs ordinary and preference shares are priced as in parts (A) and (B) above, what is the market value of NABs assets?E. What is weighted average cost of capital (WACC) F. If NABs liability increase by 100%. How the increase in liability will affect WACC of NAB. Explain. Answers: Introduction A circumstance in which the estimation of the FIs i.e. financial institutions or resources drops quickly. A financial crisis is frequently connected with a frenzy or a run on the banks, in which financial specialists auction resources or withdraw cash from bank accounts with the desire that the estimation of those advantages will drop in the event that they stay at a financial organization. Causes Over excess leverage is at the point of convergence of financial crisis, by definition. The leverage goes past the reports of accounting. The leverage is linked inside the components of the balance sheet, for instance, subsidiaries. Moreover unsafe concealed leverage is embedded in the securities that are organized. There is no direct leverage accounting, so obliging it is confounding and past the skill of authorities to profitably compose into law, and beyond the limit of controllers to regulate as understood. The fundamental game plan is to force in a general sense higher capital necessities, purposeful needless excess, seeing and enduring the results, which are far less destructive than the financial crisis. By then let the business understand how to upgrade accounting and straightforwardness that will enable more empowerment, yet still sufficient, necessities of the capital. Like power, liquidity dumbfounds i.e. crediting long and borrowing short must be altogether diminished. Th e Basel III proportions for liquidity are a discriminating battle to watch. In not a solitary profession, there are such express conflicts of endured investment (Boorman, 2009). Undoubtedly the administration business of the advantage inside store is frightened, as are various "out-dated" lenders. Driving the budgetary business to pick a line of business and customer sort to serve will handle the issue of clash while upgrading system adaptability as a result of the extended differences of firms. The expense strategy has a discriminating impact on the stream and expense of capital and the assessment code as it impacts the needs of money. There is a prerequisite of an essentially more dynamic assessment additions identified with duty that has the effect of enabling bona fide long haul venture over transient theory. The valuable treatment of duty as per the conveyed venture is absurd. The cash related system has extended. The consequences of this specific point of view of perspective r un wide and significant as exemplified by the example of the stock exchanges. In case the trades were grasped to be, and spoken to as a cabin, there is simply no possibility of a reasonable basic culture that would help high repeat of exchanging which benefits a couple inside the cost of diminished system versatility. Impacts The most noticeably bad effect of financial crisis on Australia is examined inside this part. The clearest impact of the monetary emergency inside the household units in Australia was the incomprehensible lessening in the equity prices, which diminished the plenitude of the families in Australia by very nearly 10% by March 2009. Then again, taking after the trough in businesses of value in March 2009, the adjacent business had recovered an expansive allotment of its rot before the end of November 2009. The Australian dollar furthermore decayed rapidly and sizeably as with the increment in value, declining by in overabundance of 30% from July 2009 onwards. Around the time of the Lehman bankruptcy, conditions in the remote trade business were particularly illiquid, affecting the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) to mediate in the business segment to update liquidity. Since March 2009, as explanations behind alert diminished, the Australian dollar for the most part recovered, reflecting the relative nature of the Australian economy. The credit and currency market inside Australia have moreover wound up being stronger than in various diverse countries, obliging essentially less intervention by the Reserve bank of Australia than happened in various distinctive countries. In tremendous part this reflected the soundness of the Australian keeping cash structure(lannuzzi, 2010) . The Australian banks had practically no possessions of the "harmful" securities that truly impacted other overall banks. The soundness of the keeping money framework inside Australia supported the adequateness of the financial and fiscal reaction, particularly by allowing a huge piece of the generous encouraging in monetary plan to be passed through to premium rates on credits to the family units and glaring contrast, a unique distinction to the conclusion in other created economies. An examination of the result of amazing financial crisis shows significant and persevering results at the costs of advantages, livelihood and yield. The ascent in unemployment and costs of lodging declines reach out for five and six years, separately. The retreats are for all intents and purpose always joined by colossal augmentations in an obligation for government. The crises unfavourably influence sovereign unwavering quality, as reflected in higher risk premium. The overall nature of the present crisis will make it altogether more troublesome for a few countries to create out through extended fares. The log jam development is upgraded in product markets of the world, as various creating markets face steep abatements in their terms of trade. In case true samples hold, showing an association obligation emergencies and keeping money for the sovereign defaults or restructurings in creating markets will most likely touch base at an end, particularly if the recovery plan on the planet's greatest economies is deferred(Chong, 2010). 2. A. 1.5/estimated return-0.05 = 30 1.5 = 30x estimated return 1.5 3 = 30x estimated return Estimated return =3/30 = 0.1 = 10% B. 2.5/preference return-0.05 = 25 2.5 = 25 x preference return -1.25 2.5+1.25 = 25x preference return 25x preference return = 3.75 Preference return = 3.75/25 Preference return = 0.15 = 15% C. Coupon = 0.09 x 1000 = $90 per year. 950 = (90 / r) [1-(1+r) ^ (-15)]+ [1000/ (1+r)^15] 0.096 x (0.7) =0.0672= 6.72% D. Liabilities = $25000000 C.S = 30x5000, 000 = 150000000 P.S = 25 x 1500000 = 37500000 TMV of NABs assets = $212500000 E. Cost of equity = 1.575/30 + 5 per cent = 10.35% Weighted Average Cost of Capital = ((187500000/187500000) +25000000 * 0.1025) + ((25000000/187500000+25000000 * 0.0672)) Weighted Average Cost Of Capital = 9.8% F. With the increase in liability by 100%, the total liabilities equal 2x25000000 = $50000000 Weighted average cost of capital = ((187500000/187500000) +50000000 x 0.1025) + ((50000000/187500000+50000000 x 0.0672)) WACC = 9.5% Bibliography Boorman, J., 2011. The Current Financial Crisis: Its Origins, Its Impact, and the Needed Policy Response. Global Journal Of Emerging Market Economies, 1(2), pp. 127-135. Chong, J. K. S., 2010. Anticipating and dealing with financial crisis. Management Decision, 36(10), pp. 637-640. lannuzzi, E., 2010. Global financial crisis: causes and perspectives. EuroMed Journal of Business, pp. 279-297.

The Proposal Cover Letter †Your Chance to Brag a Bit - The Writers For Hire

THE PROPOSAL COVER LETTER – YOUR CHANCE TO BRAG A BIT The proposal is done. You’ve addressed all the requirements of the RFP, filled in the forms, and attached appendices. Now the only thing left to do is the cover letter. Yes, it’s best to leave it to last, allowing time to reflect back on your proposal and why you are responding to the RFP. Unlike for the RFP itself, there may be no instructions for what to include in the cover letter. This final task may seem a little intimidating – especially if it’s your first proposal. But you can consider this your opportunity to show your enthusiasm for your organization and the bid you hope to win. Here are a few tips for writing a cover letter that stands out. First, the heading and other mandatory stuff. Use company letterhead stationery.Include your phone number, email, and mailing address if they are not part of the letterhead.Include a reference line with the RFP title and number.Make sure you address the letter to the contact person identified in the RFP.Have the head of the organization sign the letter over their title.Keep it to one page. Now, on to the creative part. Think of the letter in three sections. The Introduction First, write a few sentences that express your appreciation for the opportunity to submit a proposal. Let the reader know you understand the RFP and have complied with the requirements. The Heart Use the second paragraph to brag about your organization. What’s your story? Are you the third generation of a family business or a start up with a few stellar projects under your belt? Are you an organization with an ongoing mission or one newly formed to address a critical need? What makes you stand out among your competitors? Looking Ahead Finish with a few forward looking sentences that communicate how much you are looking forward to working with the potential client. Include the name, phone number, and email of the contact person for the proposal, if it is not the person who is signing the letter. Now that you have a feel what to include, here’s a sample letter and an article from Bizfluent that covers some of these same suggestions as well as some additional pointers that may be more appropriate for your proposal. [BEGIN LETTER] Date Your Organization Address Email Phone Number Requestor Address RE: [Name and Number of RFP] [Addressee] [Your organization] is pleased to present our proposal for [Name of RFP]. Thank you for the opportunity to do business with [Requestor]. Our staff has the training and experience to [mention one, two, or three requirements]. [Who?] established [your organization] in [when?] to [your mission/goal/objective?]. Since then, we have grown to [specific activities]. We are proudest of our latest [product/achievement/recognition]. Our reputation as a [your distinction] sets us apart from our competition in [your field] . We are excited about the potential to work with [Requestor] on this and future projects. Our contact for this proposal is [name, title, email, phone number] . Sincerely, [Title of Head of Your Organization] [END LETTER] Good luck!